Class: 10 Subject: Science Chapter: Chapter-3 – Metals and Non-Metals Book / Source: NCERT Class 10 Science Textbook.This chapter helps students understand the fundamental properties and behaviour of metals and non-metals in everyday life and industrial applications. Students learn to classify elements as metals or non-metals based on their physical properties such as lustre, hardness, malleability, ductility, conductivity, and sonority.The chapter explains the chemical properties of metals, including their reactions with oxygen, water, acids, and salts, along with the concept of reactivity series. Students also study how metals occur in nature as ores, and the various methods of extraction of metals such as roasting, calcination, and reduction. Important concepts like corrosion, its prevention, and the significance of alloys are discussed in detail. The chapter further introduces non-metals, their properties, uses, and reactions, with special focus on elements like carbon and sulphur.Students also learn about ionic compounds, their formation, properties, and uses, along with basic ideas of electrolysis and refining of metals. Real-life applications of metals and non-metals are highlighted to build strong conceptual understanding.The curriculum strictly follows NCERT Class 10 Science guidelines and is designed to strengthen conceptual clarity and exam-oriented preparation.